Noorani Qaida

The Arabic Alphabet

حروفِ تہجی

The 29 individual letters — their name, shape and sound.

Joined Letter Forms

حروف کی جوڑ کر شکلیں

How every letter looks at the beginning, middle and end of a word.

Fatha — Zabar

زبر

A slanted line above the letter — short 'a' sound.

Kasra — Zer

زیر

A slanted line below the letter — short 'i' sound.

Damma — Pesh

پیش

A small 'و' shape above the letter — short 'u' sound.

Tanween — Double Harakat

تنوین

Two Fathas, Kasras or Dammas — adds an 'n' sound.

Madd — Long Vowels

مدّ

Elongated vowels — held for two counts.

Leen Letters

حروفِ لین

Soft Wāw and Yā carrying sukoon after a Fatha.

Two-Letter Words

دو حرفی الفاظ

First joined-word practice — two letters with harakat.

Three-Letter Words

تین حرفی الفاظ

Common Quranic three-letter root words with harakat.

Sukoon — Jazm

جزم

A small circle meaning the letter has no vowel — stopped.

Qalqalah — The Echo Letters

قلقلہ

Five letters that echo when they carry Sukoon: ق ط ب ج د.

Shaddah — Tashdeed

تشدید

A small 'w' shape — the letter is pronounced twice.

Shaddah with Madd

تشدید کے ساتھ مدّ

Compulsory long madd (Madd Lāzim) with doubled letter.

Waqf — Rules of Stopping

وقف

How to end a word when pausing your recitation.

Huroof Muqatta'at

حروفِ مقطعات

The mystical disjointed letters that open certain Surahs.

Surah Al-Fatihah

سورۃ الفاتحہ

Apply everything you have learned — recite the Opening.

Al-Ikhlas, Al-Falaq & An-Nas

الاخلاص، الفلق، الناس

The three protective Surahs — final recitation practice.